{"id":34668,"date":"2021-07-01T04:34:17","date_gmt":"2021-07-01T11:34:17","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jomhouri.com\/jomhouri\/?p=34668"},"modified":"2021-07-01T04:35:45","modified_gmt":"2021-07-01T11:35:45","slug":"%d8%b9%d9%84%db%8c%d8%aa%d9%90-%d8%b3%d8%b1%d9%86%d9%88%d8%b4%d8%aa%e2%80%8c%d8%b3%d8%a7%d8%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/jomhouri.com\/jomhouri\/archives\/34668","title":{"rendered":"\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0650 \u0633\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"\"
Crisial causality1<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u0641\u0634\u0631\u062f\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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* \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u2019\u062e\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u2018\u06f2<\/sup> \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0645 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 <\/a>\u0631\u0627\n\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0645\u0628\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u0645\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc\u0645.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u2018\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u2018\u06f3<\/sup> \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc\n\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0645 \u0628\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u062d\u0644\u0642\u0647<\/em> \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u0648\n\u06af\u0641\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u067e\u0633\u200c\u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0631\u062e\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0628\u0698\u06a9\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc (\u062f\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc\n\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646) \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

* \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u2019\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0650 \u0627\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631\u0633\u064e\u06cc\u0651\u0627\u0644\u2018\u06f4 <\/sup>\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc\n\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0650 \u0627\u063a\u0645\u0627\u0636 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u0645 \u0648 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062c\u0627 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647\n\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0630\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0637\u062d \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647\n(\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0645\u06cc) \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u06cc\u0627\u0633 \u067e\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06a9 (\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06f3\u06f5\u2013<\/sup>\u06f1\u06f0\u0645\u062a\u0631) \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.  <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u06af\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0645\u0641\u0647\u0648\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u062a: \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0644\u0647 \u2019\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0648 \u0639\u0644\u062a\u2018\u06f5<\/sup>\n\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645: <\/p>\n\n\n\n

“… \u062f\u0648 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0647\n\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.”\u06f5<\/sup> \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 “\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\n\u062d\u0627\u0636\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0634 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0645 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u062a\u06cc\n\u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u0645.”\u06f5<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u062a (\u0648 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0648\n\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0644) \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062f\u062a\u0631\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0633\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0628\u062f\u0639 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u06cc \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0648\u0644\u0647\n\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u0627 \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc\n\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f.”\u06f5<\/sup> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u062a \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0644\u0633\u0641\u0647 \u0648 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0646\u06cc\n\u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0647\u0646\u0648\u0632 \u0647\u0645 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u062c\u0627 \u0648 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u0644 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0648 \u0633\u0648\n\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a: \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0645. \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0633\u0648\u06cc\u0647\n\u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0645\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u0622\u0646 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0686\u0648\u0646 \u0648 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\n\u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f.      <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0633\u0628\u06cc\u062a\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u06f4\u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.\n\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647: \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0627\u062b\u0631\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u061b \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647: \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u061b \u0648 \u062f\u0648 \u0628\u062e\u0634\n\u0641\u0636\u0627\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 spacelike: \u0641\u0627\u0631\u063a \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0644\u06cc (\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u06f2).  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u06f2: \u0645\u062e\u0631\u0648\u0637 \u0646\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u06f6<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0645 \u0628\u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\n\u0639\u0644\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u0631\u062e \u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0631\u0648\u0633\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc\n\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0644\u0630\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0628\u0698\u0647\u0650\n\u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u0635\u0644\u0650 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc\u0651\u062a (\u0648\u0631\u0646\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0646\u0628\u0631\u06af) \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\n\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0634\u0626 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u0645\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a. \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0645\n\u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0644 \u0628\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0648\u062a\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u0633\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f.\n… \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0642\u0637\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0624\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f. \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\n\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 (\u0627\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0634\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0646 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f5 \u0648 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0627\u062f\u0627\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0648\u0627\u062a\u0631\u0644\u0648 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f7) \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\n\u0634\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0632\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0622\u0648\u0631\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\n\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0639\u0644\u0651\u062a \u0648 \u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0646\u0628\u0648\u062f.”\u06f5<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u0650 \u0633\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u0650 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0651\u06cc (causal set model) \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0686\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\n\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u200c \u0628\u0631\u062e\u0648\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0628\u0631 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\n\u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0646\u0627 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0651\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645\n\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0636\u06cc \u062f\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u06a9\u0644\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0641\u0636\u0627 (\u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0636\u06cc\u060c\n\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0635\u0648\u06cc\u0631 \u06f2) \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f. \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627 \u06a9\u0647\n\u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f (\u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647) \u0642\u0628\u0644\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f (\u0628\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647) \u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0628\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f\n\u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u06a9\u0633.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0651\u06cc<\/strong> <\/strong>(<\/strong>causal set<\/strong>)  <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f\n\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0638\u0645 (\u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628) \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/a>         (partially\nordered set, teilweise geordnete Menge).\n\u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631: \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0651\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 <\/a>\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f\n\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631\n\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u06cc  (elementary events, Elementarereignisse). \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d\u0627\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062f\u0631\n\u067e\u0627\u0626\u06cc\u0646.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u0686\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u0650 \u0639\u0644\u0651\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0651\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062b\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0632\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0632\n\u0641\u06cc\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u067e\u0646\u062c\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u0644\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\n\u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0631\u0627 (\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0636\u06cc \u0648 \u06af\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0647 discrete \u0622\u0646) \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.\u06f7<\/sup>\n\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0651\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062e\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0645\u0644\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u06af\u0626\u0648\u0631\u06af \u0641\u0631\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0631\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 G. F. Bernhard Riemann\u060c \u0631\u06cc\u0627\u0636\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc (\u06f1\u06f8\u06f6\u06f6\u0640\u06f1\u06f8\u06f2\u06f6) \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0632\u062f\u0647\u0645 \u067e\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0631\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646\n\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u062e\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0648\u0641 \u062f\u0647\u0645 \u0698\u0648\u0626\u0646 \u06f1\u06f8\u06f5\u06f4 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u200c\u067e\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a\n\u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0631\u0633\u0634 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0639\u0644\u062a\u0650 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a\u0650 \u0641\u0636\u0627 … \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627\n\u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0633\u062a. \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u064e\u0646\u06cc\u0641\u0644\u062f\u0650 (\u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u062f \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639\u060cmanifold Mannigfaltikeit) \u06af\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0648\u0644\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0641\u0644\u062f \u06af\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9\n\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0641\u0644\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062c\u062f\u0627\u06af\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06cc\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0686\u0647\n\u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0641\u0644\u062f\u06cc \u06af\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0631\u0627\u06cc\n\u0622\u0646 \u062c\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.”\u06f8<\/sup><\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0631\u062a\u06cc\u0628 “\u0631\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644\u0627 \u06a9\u062f\u0627\u0645\n\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0627\u0635\u0644\u0647\u200c\u060c \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062d\u062a\u200c\u060c \u0632\u0627\u0648\u06cc\u0647 \u0648 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u200c\n\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0635 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0633\u0646\u062c\u0634 \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f. \u0631\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0631\u0627\n\u0628\u0627 \u0647\u0645 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f: \u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0641\u0644\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0641\u0644\u062f \u06af\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0647. \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0641\u0644\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f\n\u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0642\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0647\n\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u062c\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9 \u0648 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u0646\u200c\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\n\u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0641\u0644\u062f \u06af\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647\n\u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f<\/a>. \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0642\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u0647\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9\n\u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u062a\u0631 \u067e\u0633 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0648\u0686\u06a9\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631\n\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645. \u06cc\u0639\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0639\u06cc \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f\n\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/a> … \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 (\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u0641\u0644\u062f \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647) \u0647\u06cc\u0686\n\u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0634 \u0639\u0646\u0627\u0635\u0631 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f (\u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a) \u0648 \u0644\u0627\u0632\u0645 \u0627\u0633\u062a\n\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0627\u0621 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u06cc\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u062f\u062f”\u06f9<\/sup>   <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062c\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0639\u062f (\u06f1\u06f9\u06f5\u06f4) \u0622\u0644\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631\n\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u06f4\u0628\u0639\u062f\u06cc \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633\u062f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

“\u0645\u0646\u0638\u0648\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc [\u0646\u0627\u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u0634\u062a\u06cc\u0646\n\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u06af\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0645\u062f] \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0636\u0631\u06cc\u0628 \u062f\u06cc\u0641\u0631\u0646\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0644\u06cc\n(differential quotient) \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\n\u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f [\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f]. \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0634\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f\n\u0628\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u0637\u0631\u062d\u06cc \u0686\u06cc\u0632\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627 \u0634\u0628\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0645 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u062f. \u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631\n\u06a9\u0646\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u0648\u0636\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c\u06cc [axiomatic\nskeleton, das axiomatische Gerippe] \u06cc\u06a9 \u0686\u0646\u06cc\u0646\n\u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0634\u062f. \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631\n\u0628\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f \u0634\u062f.”\u06f1\u06f0<\/sup> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0631\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0698\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0631 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0637\u0631\u062d\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0631\u062d \u062f\u0645\u0627<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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“\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0635\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0627\u0637 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc\n\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062a\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0647\u06cc\u0686 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u0626\u06cc \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06cc\u06a9 \u062a\u06a9 \u0627\u062a\u0645\n\u0628\u067e\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u062f. \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06a9\u0631\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f.”\u06f1\u06f3<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0633\u0648\u0631\u06a9\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u200c\u0633\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\n\u0634\u062f. \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u0628\u0648\u0637\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627 \u0639\u0627\u0645 \u0648\n\u062a\u0642\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u0627 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u06a9\u0631\u062f.\u06f1\u06f4<\/sup>    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0635\u0647: \u0641\u0636\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u062a \u0633\u0631\u0646\u0648\u0634\u062a\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u0628\u0647\n\u0646\u0627\u0645 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647\u200c \u0646\u0642\u0637\u0647 (point\nset, Punktmenge) \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\n\u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u062f\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u062f: \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u06cc \u0647\u0646\u062f\u0633\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\n\u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0627 \u062d\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 (\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631\u062d\u062c\u0645) \u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0647 \u06af\u0633\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u062d\u062c\u0645\n\u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.    <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u00a0\u00a0\u0628\u0631\u0644\u06cc\u0646\u060c \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f1\u066b\u06f0\u06f6\u066b\u06f2\u06f8 <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639<\/strong><\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

1. https:\/\/www.scientia.global\/dr-peter-evans-retro-causality-unravelling-the-mysteries-of-quantum-cosmology\/\n<\/p>\n\n\n\n

2. Hassan Bolouri:The origin of space and time<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06f2. \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u2019\u062e\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0648 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u2018\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\n\u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u0686 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

3. Hassan Bolouri: Then Quanta of Space and Time<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06f3. \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u2019\u06a9\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0636\u0627 \u0648\n\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u2018\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0622\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0644 \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

4. Hassan Bolouri, Superfluid Spacetime<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06f4. \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c\n\u2019\u0641\u0636\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u064e\u0628\u064e\u0631\u0633\u064e\u06cc\u0651\u0627\u0644\u2018\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f1<\/p>\n\n\n\n

5. Hassan\nBolouri, Causal Asymmetry<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06f5. \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u2019\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0644\n\u0648 \u0639\u0644\u062a\u2018: \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u06cc. \u06f2\u06f0\u06f1\u06f9<\/p>\n\n\n\n

6. https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Light_cone<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

7. https:\/\/www.einstein-online.info\/explandict\/zeno-von-elea<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

8a. Bernhard Riemann,\nUeber die Hypothesen, welche der Geometrie zu Grunde\nliegen. Aus dem dreizehnten Bande der Abhandlungen der K\u00f6niglichen Gesellschaft\nder Wissenschaften zu G\u00f6ttingen. Transcribed by D. R. Wilkins Preliminary Version: December 1998\nCorrected: April 2000<\/p>\n\n\n\n

8b. https:\/\/bbs.pku.edu.cn\/attach\/f1\/c7\/f1c79b173bf775dc\/Geom.pdf<\/p>\n\n\n\n

9. https:\/\/www.einstein-online.info\/spotlight\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

10. Albert Einstein\nin einem Brief an H. S.  Joachim, 14. August 1954, In: J.\nStachel, Einstein and the Quantum: Fifty Years of Struggle, in From Quarks to\nQuasars, Philosophical Problems of Modern Physics, U. Pittsburgh Press, 1986<\/p>\n\n\n\n

11. Hassan Bolouri, Symmetry: the key to recognizing the cosmos <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u06f1\u06f1. \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0628\u0644\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u060c\n\u2019\u062a\u0642\u0627\u0631\u0646: \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a \u06a9\u06cc\u0647\u0627\u0646\u2018\u060c \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0632\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0631\u062c \u06f2\u06f0\u06f2\u06f0          <\/p>\n\n\n\n

12. https:\/\/www.einstein-online.info\/spotlight\/kausalmengen\/<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n

13. Rafael Sorkin, In: Theoretical physics: The origins of space and time\nin Nature 500, 2013<\/p>\n\n\n\n

14. http:\/\/www.mathphys.uni-freiburg.de\/physik\/filk\/public_html\/Skripte\/Texte\/Raumzeit.pdf<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

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