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\u0627\u0632 \u0698\u0627\u0646-\u0698\u0627\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0633\u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u0646\u0627 \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u06f2. <\/strong><strong>\u0628\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645: \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0648 \u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u06f2.\u06f1. <\/strong><strong>\u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645: \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647 \u0633\u0647\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0648\u0627\u0698\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u0646 \u00ab<strong>Populus<\/strong>\u00bb \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0639\u0646\u0627\u06cc \u00ab<strong>\u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645<\/strong>\u00bb \u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<sup>\u06f3<\/sup> \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u062f\u0628\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0622\u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062d\u0644 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0627\u0633\u062a.<sup>\u06f1<\/sup> \u0641\u0631\u0647\u0646\u06af \u0644\u063a\u062a \u062f\u0648\u062f\u0646\u060c \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u00ab\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u062a\u06cc 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\u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641 \u0622\u06a9\u0627\u062f\u0645\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0632 \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 <strong>\u06a9\u0627\u0633 \u0645\u0648\u062f\u062f\u0647 <\/strong>(<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/w\/index.php?title=Cas_Mudde&amp;oldid=954131608\">Cas Mudde<\/a>) \u0648 <strong>\u06a9\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0648\u06cc\u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0631<\/strong> (<a href=\"https:\/\/irlogos.com\/book-author\/cristobal-rovira-kaltwasser\/\">Crist\u00f3bal Rovira Kaltwasse<\/a>r) \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0626\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 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href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect\">Dunning\u2013Kruger effect<\/a>) \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u060c \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u062a\u062e\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0632\u0646\u0646\u062f.<sup>\u06f2\u06f2<\/sup> \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u06cc\u062f.<sup>\u06f2\u06f3<\/sup> \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0631\u062a \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u060c \u00ab<strong>\u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u0645\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0644 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062e\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a<\/strong>\u00bb.<sup>\u06f2\u06f3<\/sup> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0639\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u067e\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u06a9\u0646\u0634\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0647\u200c\u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u0636\u0648\u062d \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0646\u0634 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u062c\u0631\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u00ab\u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635\u00bb \u06cc\u0627 \u00ab\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<sup>\u06f2\u06f4<\/sup> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0634\u062e\u06cc\u0635 \u0634\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u0627\u064b \u0645\u062a\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f.<sup>\u06f2\u06f5<\/sup> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u062b\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0644\u0648\u062d\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0645\u0637\u0644\u0642\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u00ab\u062d\u0628\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634\u06cc\u0641\u062a\u06af\u06cc\u00bb \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0634\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u200c\u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u067e\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0628\u0634\u0648\u062f\u200c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u06f4.\u06f4. <\/strong><strong>\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0648\u062f\u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0647\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627 (<\/strong><strong>Archetypen<\/strong><strong>) \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06af<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u06af\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06af (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carl_Jung\">Carl Gustav Jung<\/a>) \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u00ab\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0648\u062f\u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u00bb \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0637\u0631\u062d \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0648 \u06cc\u06a9 \u00ab\u0633\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u00bb \u0648 \u00ab\u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0634\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u00bb \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0627\u0631\u062b\u06cc \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f.<sup>\u06f2\u06f6<\/sup> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0648\u062f\u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u00ab\u06a9\u0647\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u00bb (Archetypen) \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647\u0646 \u0648 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0647\u0646\u0631 \u0648 \u0631\u0624\u06cc\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0622\u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<sup>\u06f2\u06f7<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0647\u062f\u0641\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0639\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0647\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0648\u062f\u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<sup>\u06f2\u06f8<\/sup> \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f 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\u06cc\u0627 \u00ab<strong>\u062f\u0634\u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc<\/strong>\u00bb \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<sup>\u06f3\u06f0<\/sup> \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0646\u0642\u0634 \u06cc\u06a9 \u00ab\u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u060c \u06a9\u0646\u062a\u0631\u0644 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0633\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<sup>\u06f3\u06f1<\/sup> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062a\u0627\u06a9\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0632\u062f\u0646 \u062a\u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a\u0645\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u06f4.\u06f5<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 <\/strong><strong>\u06f1: <\/strong><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0622\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-table\"><table><thead><tr><td><strong>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/thead><tbody><tr><td>\u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0641\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u00ab\u0630\u0647\u0646 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u00bb \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0631\u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a\u060c \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u062f.<\/td><td><strong>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u06af\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648 \u0644\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gustave_Le_Bon\"><strong>Gustave Le Bon<\/strong><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062d\u0645\u0627\u0642\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u062e\u0644\u0627\u0642\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0632\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0648 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0645\u0635\u0626\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f.<\/td><td><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0642\u062a<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0634 \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0641\u0631<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dietrich_Bonhoeffer\"><strong>Dietrich Bonhoeffer<\/strong><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u062d\u0645\u0642\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0646\u0627\u06a9\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0633\u0628 \u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f. \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0631\u0633\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628 \u0631\u0627 \u0686\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/td><td><strong>\u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0644\u0648 \u0645. \u0686\u06cc\u067e\u0648\u0644\u0627<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carlo_M._Cipolla\"><strong>Carlo<\/strong><strong>M. Cipolla<\/strong><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u06a9\u0647\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u00ab\u0642\u0647\u0631\u0645\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u06cc\u0627 \u00ab\u062d\u06a9\u0645\u0631\u0627\u0646\u00bb \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0648\u062f\u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u0639\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/td><td><strong>\u0646\u0627\u062e\u0648\u062f\u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u06a9\u0647\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0644 \u06af\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06af<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Carl_Jung\"><strong>Carl Gustav Jung<\/strong><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u00ab\u0627\u062b\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a\u00bb (\u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u063a \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f) \u0648 \u00ab\u0633\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f\u00bb (\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u062f) \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/td><td><strong>\u0633\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0646<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniel_Kahneman\"><strong>Daniel Kahneman<\/strong><\/a><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u00ab\u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u062d\u00bb\u060c \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0627\u0648\u0644\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0628 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/td><td><strong>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/strong><\/td><td><strong>\u0646\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0646<\/strong> <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neil_Postman\"><strong>Neil Postman<\/strong><\/a><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u06af\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647 \u0647\u0645\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0686\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u06f5. <\/strong><strong>\u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u067e\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646: \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 <\/strong><strong>\u06f1\u06f3\u06f5\u06f7<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u06f5.\u06f1. <\/strong><strong>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 <\/strong><strong>\u06f1\u06f3\u06f5\u06f7<\/strong><strong> \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u06f1\u06f3\u06f5\u06f7 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u00ab\u0634\u06cc\u0641\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u00bb \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062f.<sup>\u06f3\u06f2<\/sup> \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0628\u0627 \u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0626\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u062e\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0634\u0627\u0647 (\u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0644\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0644\u06cc\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u0686\u067e\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062a\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646) <sup>\u06f3\u06f3<\/sup>\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0627\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u0631\u0627\u0647\u200c\u062d\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0637\u0639 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc\u0632\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 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\u06a9\u0646\u062f&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>\u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u06cc<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u061b \u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0627\u06a9 \u0648 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0644\u0637<\/td><td>\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0627\u0637\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0646\u0648\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0634\u0628\u06a9\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0627\u062c\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u06cc\u06a9\u200c \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628\u0647&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><tr><td>\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0626\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u06af\u0631\u0648\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641 (\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0633\u0644\u0637\u0646\u062a\u200c\u0637\u0644\u0628\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0686\u067e\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627) \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u0627\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0648 \u0641\u0627\u0642\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<\/td><td>\u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06a9\u0648\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u0630\u0647\u0628\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u062a\u062f\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0634\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u064b \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0627\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u200c\u06af\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u062d\u0630\u0641 \u0634\u062f\u0646\u062f&nbsp;<\/td><td><strong>\u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u067e\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646<\/strong><\/td><\/tr><\/tbody><\/table><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0647\u0631 \u062f\u0648 \u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647\u060c \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0639\u062f \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u06cc\u06cc\u0631 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u067e\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u062a\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u06f6 .<\/strong><strong>\u0646\u0642\u0634 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u06f6.\u06f1<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><strong>\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u062a\u0631\u062c\u06cc\u062d \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u06cc\u0644 \u067e\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0646 (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Neil_Postman\"><strong>Neil Postman<\/strong><\/a>)\u060c \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0647\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 <a href=\"https:\/\/ia800101.us.archive.org\/27\/items\/Various_PDFs\/NeilPostman-AmusingOurselvesToDeath.pdf\"><strong>\u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0645\u0631\u06af<\/strong><\/a>\u060c \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u062f\u0631\u06cc\u062c \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0645\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<sup>\u06f4\u06f7<\/sup> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u062a\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0627\u0637\u0641\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u06af\u0648\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<sup>\u06f4\u06f8<\/sup> \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0648\u06cc\u0698\u0647 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u0648 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u06cc\u0686\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062d\u062a\u0648\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u062a\u0641\u0631\u0642\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0641\u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u062f \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<sup>\u06f4\u06f9<\/sup> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0636\u0639\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0641\u0636\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0642\u0637\u0628\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u06af\u0648 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0642 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<sup>\u06f5\u06f0<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u06f6.\u06f2. <\/strong><strong>\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0641\u062a\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0646 (<a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Daniel_Kahneman\"><strong>Daniel Kahneman<\/strong><\/a>)\u060c \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633 \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u0632\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0686\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0641\u0642\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0635\u0631 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<sup>\u06f5\u06f1<\/sup> \u06a9\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u06cc\u062d \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0635\u0645\u06cc\u0645\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u06a9\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f.<sup>\u06f5\u06f2<\/sup> \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0645\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<sup>\u06f5\u06f3<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>\u062a\u0627\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642\u062a (<\/strong><strong>Truth effect<\/strong><strong>):<\/strong> \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0647\u0631\u0686\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0628\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u0635\u062d\u062a \u0622\u0646\u060c \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<sup>\u06f5\u06f4<\/sup> \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u062f\u0631\u0648\u063a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<sup>\u06f5\u06f5<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0633\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f (<\/strong><strong>Confirmation bias<\/strong><strong>):<\/strong> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0634\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u06cc\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u0627\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0646\u062f.<sup>\u06f5\u06f5<\/sup> \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u00ab\u0627\u062a\u0627\u0642\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0698\u0648\u0627\u06a9\u00bb\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0633\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627\u0639\u062b \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u063a\u0644\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0628\u06cc\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0634\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<sup>\u06f5\u06f6<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0647\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646 <strong>\u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645<\/strong>\u060c <strong>\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc<\/strong>\u060c \u0648 <strong>\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647<\/strong>\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0648\u0639\u06cc \u00ab\u0646\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u0627\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647\u00bb \u062f\u0631 <strong>\u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0644<\/strong> \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f.<sup>\u06f5\u06f6<\/sup> \u062f\u0631 \u06a9\u062a\u0627\u0628 <strong>\u06f1\u06f9\u06f8\u06f4<\/strong>\u060c \u0627\u0648\u0631\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u0641 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u06af\u0648\u0646\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u00ab<strong>\u0647\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0631\u062a<\/strong>\u00bb\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0641\u0631\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0633\u062e\u0646\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062f\u0634\u0645\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0634\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0648 \u062d\u062a\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0648\u062f\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0646\u0635\u0628 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0648\u062f\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<sup>\u06f5\u06f6<\/sup> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u062d\u06cc\u0637 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0633\u0631\u06a9\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0631\u0639\u062a \u0627\u0632 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u06f7. <\/strong><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0647\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u06f7.\u06f1. <\/strong><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0631\u0627 \u0647\u062f\u0641 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<sup>\u06f6<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>\u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc:<\/strong> \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631\u062f\u0646 \u0628\u0633\u062a\u0631 \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u062d\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u06a9\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631\u06cc\u060c \u0641\u0642\u0631 \u0648 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a.<sup>\u06f6<\/sup> \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u060c \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0634\u0641\u0627\u0641\u06cc\u062a \u0648 \u067e\u0627\u0633\u062e\u06af\u0648\u06cc\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u06af\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0646 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0645\u0648\u0645\u06cc \u06a9\u0645\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<sup>\u06f8<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647:<\/strong> \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0634\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0648\u0639 \u0648 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0633\u062a\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0646\u062f\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0633\u0646\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<sup>\u06f5\u06f7<\/sup> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u0627\u0631 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0634\u062a\u0646 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0632\u0626\u06cc \u0648 \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0645\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0633\u06cc \u0648 \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0628\u0634\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<sup>\u06f5\u06f7<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u06f7.\u06f2. <\/strong><strong>\u0631\u0627\u0647\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-layout-flow wp-block-quote-is-layout-flow\">\n<p><strong>\u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u062a\u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc:<\/strong> \u062a\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062c \u0633\u0648\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0648 \u0622\u0645\u0648\u0632\u0634 \u062a\u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u0633\u0648\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0647\u0634 \u062f\u0647\u062f.<sup>\u06f5\u06f3<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646:<\/strong> \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0645\u062d\u0636 \u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0641\u0634\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u0648\u063a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u0648 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0639\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0631\u0627\u0647 \u06cc\u0627\u0628\u062f.<sup>\u06f5\u06f4<\/sup> \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u06af\u0641\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0645\u06cc\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0633 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0628\u0633\u062a\u06af\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062a\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062c \u062f\u0647\u062f.<sup>\u06f5\u06f4<\/sup><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>\u06f8. <\/strong><strong>\u0646\u062a\u06cc\u062c\u0647\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0686\u0634\u0645\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0632 \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u067e\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0628\u0639\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u060c \u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u06a9\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u062a\u063a\u0630\u06cc\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0633\u0645\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0634\u0646\u0627\u062e\u062a\u06cc \u0648 \u0631\u0633\u0627\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0641\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0633\u0627\u0632\u062f. \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0645\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u063a\u0631\u0628\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0648\u06cc\u06a9\u0645\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0648 \u0628\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0646\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0647\u0648\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0631\u0686\u0634\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u062f. \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0644\u0648\u0628\u0648\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0648\u0646\u0647\u0648\u0641\u0631\u060c \u0686\u06cc\u067e\u0648\u0644\u0627\u060c \u0648 \u06cc\u0648\u0646\u06af \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0646\u0647 \u062a\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0637\u0642 \u0633\u0631\u0648\u06a9\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0644\u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u0647\u0631\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0646\u0627\u062e\u0648\u062f\u0622\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u06cc \u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0627\u0642\u062a \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0648\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0633\u0645\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u062c\u0630\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0627\u067e\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0648\u062e\u06cc\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0648 \u067e\u0631\u0627\u06a9\u0646\u062f\u06af\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u067e\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c \u0627\u0632 \u06a9\u0634\u0648\u0631\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0638\u0647\u0648\u0631 \u06cc\u06a9 \u062c\u0646\u0628\u0634 \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0631 \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u062a\u0627\u06cc\u062c \u0641\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0647\u200c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u062c\u0631 \u0634\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0628\u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0647\u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u06f1\u06f3\u06f5\u06f7 \u06a9\u0647 \u062e\u0644\u0623 \u0631\u0647\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0626\u0648\u0644\u0648\u0698\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0631\u062a\u062c\u0639 \u0648\u0644\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u200c\u06cc\u0627\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u062e\u0644\u0627\u0621 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0641\u0631\u0648\u067e\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0626\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0646\u0633\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0645\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f \u0641\u0631\u0635\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u0636\u0628 \u0642\u062f\u0631\u062a \u062f\u0647\u062f. \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0631\u0632\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632\u0645\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0632 \u0645\u0627\u0647\u06cc\u062a \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0642\u0648\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062c \u062a\u0641\u06a9\u0631 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0631\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u062c\u0627\u06cc\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646 \u0648 \u0645\u062b\u0628\u062a \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0645\u0631 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0644\u0632\u0645 \u0622\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u06a9\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0631 \u0639\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u062a \u0635\u0631\u0641\u060c \u0628\u062a\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u0627\u0631\u0632\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u06cc\u0642 \u0645\u0631\u062f\u0645 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u060c \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u062f\u0645\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u06a9 \u0645\u0646\u062d\u0631\u0641 \u06af\u0631\u062f\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><strong>Referenzen<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol start=\"1\">\n<li>Inhalt, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bpb.de\/system\/files\/dokument_pdf\/Rosanvallon_Populismus_Leseprobe_bpb.pdf\">https:\/\/www.bpb.de\/system\/files\/dokument_pdf\/Rosanvallon_Populismus_Leseprobe_bpb.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Populismus und Nationalismus als weltweite Trends \u2013 Forum Kultur und Au\u00dfenpolitik, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/culturalrelations.ifa.de\/fokus\/artikel\/populismus-und-nationalismus-als-weltweite-trends\/\">https:\/\/culturalrelations.ifa.de\/fokus\/artikel\/populismus-und-nationalismus-als-weltweite-trends\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Populismus | Brandenburgische Landeszentrale f\u00fcr politische Bildung, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.politische-bildung-brandenburg.de\/lexikon\/populismus\">https:\/\/www.politische-bildung-brandenburg.de\/lexikon\/populismus<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Einfache Antworten auf schwierige Fragen? Populismus heute und gestern \u2013 Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bbaw.de\/veranstaltungen\/veranstaltung-einfache-antworten-auf-schwierige-fragen-populismus-heute-und-gestern\">https:\/\/www.bbaw.de\/veranstaltungen\/veranstaltung-einfache-antworten-auf-schwierige-fragen-populismus-heute-und-gestern<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Populismus Etymologie und historische Beispiele Der Begriff Populismus stammt von populus, das lateinische Wort f\u00fcr Volk: Das a, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.research.lancs.ac.uk\/portal\/services\/downloadRegister\/349003046\/Populismus_MF_2_1_.pdf\">https:\/\/www.research.lancs.ac.uk\/portal\/services\/downloadRegister\/349003046\/Populismus_MF_2_1_.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Die \u00f6konomischen Ursachen des Populismus \u2013 Kiel Institute, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifw-kiel.de\/de\/publikationen\/kiel-focus\/die-oekonomischen-ursachen-des-populismus\/\">https:\/\/www.ifw-kiel.de\/de\/publikationen\/kiel-focus\/die-oekonomischen-ursachen-des-populismus\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Das Ph\u00e4nomen \u00bbPopulismus\u00ab: Ursachen und \u2026 \u2013 ifo Institut, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ifo.de\/DocDL\/sd-2017-12-berthold-etal-populismus-2017-06-29.pdf\">https:\/\/www.ifo.de\/DocDL\/sd-2017-12-berthold-etal-populismus-2017-06-29.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>AfD und Rechtspopulismus: Ursachen f\u00fcr den Aufstieg \u2013 Hans-B\u00f6ckler-Stiftung, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boeckler.de\/de\/auf-einen-blick-17945-auf-einen-blick-rechtspopulismus-in-deutschland-37867.htm\">https:\/\/www.boeckler.de\/de\/auf-einen-blick-17945-auf-einen-blick-rechtspopulismus-in-deutschland-37867.htm<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>F\u00fcnf Jahre Brexit \u2013 Populismus hat verloren, Europa bleibt die Zukunft \u2013 Neos.eu, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.neos.eu\/programm\/news\/fuenf-jahre-brexit-populismus-hat-verloren-europa-bleibt-die-zukunft\">https:\/\/www.neos.eu\/programm\/news\/fuenf-jahre-brexit-populismus-hat-verloren-europa-bleibt-die-zukunft<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trump\u2019s Evolved Form of Populism Works\u2026 and Hurts. \u2013 Democratic \u2026, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/democratic-erosion.org\/2025\/04\/20\/trumps-evolved-form-of-populism-works-and-hurts\/\">https:\/\/democratic-erosion.org\/2025\/04\/20\/trumps-evolved-form-of-populism-works-and-hurts\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Understanding Trumpism: Nationalism, Populism, and Industrialism \u2013 Baron Public Affairs, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.baronpa.com\/library\/understanding-trumpism-nationalism-populism-and-industrialism\">https:\/\/www.baronpa.com\/library\/understanding-trumpism-nationalism-populism-and-industrialism<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Gustave Le Bon \u2013 Wikipedia, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gustave_Le_Bon\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Gustave_Le_Bon<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Psychologie des foules by Gustave Le Bon \u2013 Project Gutenberg, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"http:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/ebooks\/24007\">http:\/\/www.gutenberg.org\/ebooks\/24007<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Bonhoeffers Theorie der Dummheit \u2013 RU-digital, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/ru-digital.de\/search\/main\/2105\/Bonhoeffers-Theorie-der-Dummheit\">https:\/\/ru-digital.de\/search\/main\/2105\/Bonhoeffers-Theorie-der-Dummheit<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Der gef\u00e4hrlichere Feind des Guten \u2013 (dietrich-bonhoeffer.net)., Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dietrich-bonhoeffer.net\/zitat\/604-dummheit-ist-ein-gefaehrlich\/\">https:\/\/www.dietrich-bonhoeffer.net\/zitat\/604-dummheit-ist-ein-gefaehrlich\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dietrich Bonhoeffer \u00fcber die Dummheit der Deutschen \u2013 Religionsphilosophischer Salon, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/religionsphilosophischer-salon.de\/keys\/dietrich-bonhoeffer-ueber-die-dummheit-der-deutschen\">https:\/\/religionsphilosophischer-salon.de\/keys\/dietrich-bonhoeffer-ueber-die-dummheit-der-deutschen<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dummheit nach Bonhoeffer (Teil 1) | Psychotherapie und Psychologische Beratung Hamburg, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.jangoeritz.de\/dummheit-nach-bonhoeffer-teil1\/\">https:\/\/www.jangoeritz.de\/dummheit-nach-bonhoeffer-teil1\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Widerstehen mit Dietrich Bonhoeffer: Gef\u00e4hrlicher als das B\u00f6se ist die Dummheit | taz.de, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/taz.de\/Widerstehen-mit-Dietrich-Bonhoeffer\/!6072492\/\">https:\/\/taz.de\/Widerstehen-mit-Dietrich-Bonhoeffer\/!6072492\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Die 5 GRUNDGESETZE der Menschlichen DUMMHEIT | Carlo M \u2026, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gYxQgMVmI0g\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=gYxQgMVmI0g<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dummheit: Cipollas 5 Gesetze menschlicher Bl\u00f6dheit \u2013 Karrierebibel, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/karrierebibel.de\/dummheit\/\">https:\/\/karrierebibel.de\/dummheit\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Die 5 Prinzipien der Dummheit \u2013 Casa Buitoni, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.casabuitoni.de\/posts\/postDetail\/die-5-prinzipien-der-dummheit\/1048\">https:\/\/www.casabuitoni.de\/posts\/postDetail\/die-5-prinzipien-der-dummheit\/1048<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>A Statistical Explanation of the Dunning\u2013Kruger Effect \u2013 PMC, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8992690\/\">https:\/\/pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/articles\/PMC8992690\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dunning\u2013Kruger effect \u2013 Wikipedia, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Dunning%E2%80%93Kruger_effect<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dunning-Kruger-Effekt: Wenn man wenig wei\u00df \u2013 aber denkt, man wei\u00df viel, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.campus-m-university.de\/news\/blogartikel-dunning-kruger-effekt.php\">https:\/\/www.campus-m-university.de\/news\/blogartikel-dunning-kruger-effekt.php<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Dunning-Kruger-Effekt \u2013 Lernen Sichtbar Machen Wiki, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/web.fhnw.ch\/plattformen\/hattie-wiki\/begriffe\/Dunning-Kruger-Effekt\">https:\/\/web.fhnw.ch\/plattformen\/hattie-wiki\/begriffe\/Dunning-Kruger-Effekt<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Die Archetypen und das kollektive Unbewu\u00dfte \u2013 getAbstract, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.getabstract.com\/de\/zusammenfassung\/die-archetypen-und-das-kollektive-unbewusste\/21063\">https:\/\/www.getabstract.com\/de\/zusammenfassung\/die-archetypen-und-das-kollektive-unbewusste\/21063<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kollektives Unbewusstes \u2013 Wikipedia, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kollektives_Unbewusstes\">https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Kollektives_Unbewusstes<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Archetypen by C.G. Jung | Goodreads, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/book\/show\/363540\">https:\/\/www.goodreads.com\/book\/show\/363540<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cArchetypen\u201d online kaufen \u2013 Thalia, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.thalia.at\/shop\/home\/artikeldetails\/A1050476297\">https:\/\/www.thalia.at\/shop\/home\/artikeldetails\/A1050476297<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Die 12 Archetypen nach Jung: Was sie k\u00f6nnen und was nicht | | CRU Brand Consultancy, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.madebycru.com\/de\/zine\/die-12-archetypen-nach-jung-was-sie-konnen-und-was-nicht\">https:\/\/www.madebycru.com\/de\/zine\/die-12-archetypen-nach-jung-was-sie-konnen-und-was-nicht<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Die Archetypen nach C. G. Jung f\u00fcr Ihr Corporate Design \u2013 empower\u00ae Suite, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.empowersuite.com\/de\/blog\/archetypen-nach-c-g-jung-corporate-design\">https:\/\/www.empowersuite.com\/de\/blog\/archetypen-nach-c-g-jung-corporate-design<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>\u201cSchwarzer Freitag\u201d in Iran 1978: Auftakt zur Islamischen Revolution | Hintergrund aktuell, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bpb.de\/kurz-knapp\/hintergrund-aktuell\/275372\/schwarzer-freitag-in-iran-1978-auftakt-zur-islamischen-revolution\/\">https:\/\/www.bpb.de\/kurz-knapp\/hintergrund-aktuell\/275372\/schwarzer-freitag-in-iran-1978-auftakt-zur-islamischen-revolution\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>What Led to the 1979 Iranian Revolution? \u2013 History.com, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.history.com\/articles\/1979-iranian-revolution-causes\">https:\/\/www.history.com\/articles\/1979-iranian-revolution-causes<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Iranian Revolution, 40 Years On: Oppression at Home, Aggression Abroad \u2013 AIPAC, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.aipac.org\/resources\/iranian-revolution-k9tn2-tz6kp-zydeg\">https:\/\/www.aipac.org\/resources\/iranian-revolution-k9tn2-tz6kp-zydeg<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Ideology and Iran\u2019s Revolution: How 1979 Changed the World, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/institute.global\/insights\/geopolitics-and-security\/ideology-and-irans-revolution-how-1979-changed-world\">https:\/\/institute.global\/insights\/geopolitics-and-security\/ideology-and-irans-revolution-how-1979-changed-world<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Vom Gesellschaftsvertrag oder Prinzipien des Staatsrechtes \u2026, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vom_Gesellschaftsvertrag_oder_Prinzipien_des_Staatsrechtes\">https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Vom_Gesellschaftsvertrag_oder_Prinzipien_des_Staatsrechtes<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The Social Contract \u2013 Wikipedia, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Social_Contract\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/The_Social_Contract<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Opinion Survey Reveals Overwhelming Majority Rejecting Iran\u2019s Regime, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.iranintl.com\/en\/202302036145\">https:\/\/www.iranintl.com\/en\/202302036145<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Iran\u2019s Opposition Is Growing, But Divided \u2013 No Labels, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/nolabels.org\/the-latest\/irans-opposition-is-growing-but-divided\/\">https:\/\/nolabels.org\/the-latest\/irans-opposition-is-growing-but-divided\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Opposition politics of the Iranian diaspora: Out of many, one \u2013 but not \u2026, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.clingendael.org\/publication\/opposition-politics-iranian-diaspora-out-many-one-not-just-yet\">https:\/\/www.clingendael.org\/publication\/opposition-politics-iranian-diaspora-out-many-one-not-just-yet<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Iran \u2013 Wikipedia, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran\">https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iran<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Iranische Wirtschaft \u2013 Wikipedia, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iranische_Wirtschaft\">https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Iranische_Wirtschaft<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Islamic Republic of Iran Poverty and Equity Brief : April 2025 (English) \u2013 World Bank Documents &amp; Reports, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/documents-reports\/documentdetail\/099640404212584734\">https:\/\/documents.worldbank.org\/en\/publication\/documents-reports\/documentdetail\/099640404212584734<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Iran-Proteste wegen Ungerechtigkeit, Armut und Versorgungsausf\u00e4llen \u2013 ncr-iran.org, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/de.ncr-iran.org\/news\/iran-proteste-wegen-ungerechtigkeit-armut-und-versorgungsausfallen\/\">https:\/\/de.ncr-iran.org\/news\/iran-proteste-wegen-ungerechtigkeit-armut-und-versorgungsausfallen\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Proteste in Iran | Hintergrund aktuell | bpb.de, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bpb.de\/kurz-knapp\/hintergrund-aktuell\/262759\/proteste-in-iran\/\">https:\/\/www.bpb.de\/kurz-knapp\/hintergrund-aktuell\/262759\/proteste-in-iran\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>DJI \u2013 Populismus im Internet \u2013 Deutsches Jugendinstitut, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.dji.de\/themen\/medien\/populismus-im-internet.html\">https:\/\/www.dji.de\/themen\/medien\/populismus-im-internet.html<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Grenzenlose Enth\u00fcllungen? Medien zwischen \u00d6ffnung und Schlie\u00dfung \u2013 Universit\u00e4t Innsbruck, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uibk.ac.at\/iup\/buch_pdfs\/9783902811776.pdf\">https:\/\/www.uibk.ac.at\/iup\/buch_pdfs\/9783902811776.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Populismus und Medien: Schichten einer Beziehung \u2013 Open Access LMU, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de\/93220\/1\/93220.pdf\">https:\/\/epub.ub.uni-muenchen.de\/93220\/1\/93220.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Politische Polarisierung w\u00e4chst: was l\u00e4sst sich tun \u2013 Interviews | IPG Journal, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ipg-journal.de\/interviews\/artikel\/zukunft-der-demokratie-steht-auf-dem-spiel-3887\/\">https:\/\/www.ipg-journal.de\/interviews\/artikel\/zukunft-der-demokratie-steht-auf-dem-spiel-3887\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Wenn Populismus die Gesellschaft polarisiert \u2013 Berlin.de, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.berlin.de\/politische-bildung\/politikportal\/blog\/artikel.1115688.php\">https:\/\/www.berlin.de\/politische-bildung\/politikportal\/blog\/artikel.1115688.php<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Unter Unsicherheit entscheiden wir nicht rational \u2013 Universit\u00e4t zu K\u00f6ln, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/uni-koeln.de\/universitaet\/aktuell\/meldungen\/meldungen-detail\/unter-unsicherheit-entscheiden-wir-nicht-rational\">https:\/\/uni-koeln.de\/universitaet\/aktuell\/meldungen\/meldungen-detail\/unter-unsicherheit-entscheiden-wir-nicht-rational<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>The myth of the irrational populist \u2013 The Loop, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/theloop.ecpr.eu\/the-myth-of-the-irrational-populist\/\">https:\/\/theloop.ecpr.eu\/the-myth-of-the-irrational-populist\/<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Populismus als Strategie: Mechanismen von Vereinfachungen und falschen Aussagen \u2013 Hans-B\u00f6ckler-Stiftung, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.boeckler.de\/fpdf\/HBS-008956\/p_studfoe_wp_4_2024.pdf\">https:\/\/www.boeckler.de\/fpdf\/HBS-008956\/p_studfoe_wp_4_2024.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Rechtspopulismus durchschauen und Paroli bieten! \u2013 Bibliothek der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/akademie\/mup\/13663-20190225.pdf\">https:\/\/library.fes.de\/pdf-files\/akademie\/mup\/13663-20190225.pdf<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Kognitive Verzerrungen \u2013 Diese Schnippchen schl\u00e4gst Du dir selber, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/digitaleneuordnung.de\/blog\/kognitive-verzerrungen\">https:\/\/digitaleneuordnung.de\/blog\/kognitive-verzerrungen<\/a><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Nineteen Eighty-Four \u2013 Wikipedia, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nineteen_Eighty-Four\">https:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Nineteen_Eighty-Four<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Rechtspopulismus in Deutschland entgegenwirken: Merkmale \u2026, Zugriff am September 22, 2025, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.lsvd.de\/de\/ct\/780-Rechtspopulismus-in-Deutschland-entgegenwirken-Merkmale-Argumente-und-Strategien\">https:\/\/www.lsvd.de\/de\/ct\/780-Rechtspopulismus-in-Deutschland-entgegenwirken-Merkmale-Argumente-und-Strategien<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/akhbar-rooz.com\/1404\/07\/02\/29149\/#\"><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0628\u0631\u06af\u0631\u0641\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0633\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0627\u062e\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u0632<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u200c\u0641\u0631\u06cc\u0628\u06cc \u0648 \u062f\u0631\u06a9 \u0631\u06cc\u0634\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u06a9\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u06cc \u0622\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u063a\u0631\u0628 \u0648 \u0627\u067e\u0648\u0632\u06cc\u0633\u06cc\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u06f1. \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0647: \u0686\u0627\u0631\u0686\u0648\u0628 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u06cc \u0648 \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u06f1.\u06f1. \u0637\u0631\u062d \u0645\u0633\u0626\u0644\u0647 \u0648 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u06cc\u0642 \u067e\u0648\u067e\u0648\u0644\u06cc\u0633\u0645\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0646\u0648\u0627\u0646 \u06cc\u06a9 \u0646\u06cc\u0631\u0648\u06cc \u0633\u06cc\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u060c \u0627\u0632 \u062d\u0627\u0634\u06cc\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0635\u062d\u0646\u0647 \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0645\u0646\u062a\u0642\u0644 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u0627\u0645\u0631\u0648\u0632\u0647 \u062f\u0645\u0648\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062b\u0628\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0631\u0627 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634 \u06a9\u0634\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0648 \u062f\u0631 \u062c\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0639 \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0627\u0644 \u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u060c \u062a\u0647\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062c\u062f\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0633\u0648\u0628 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. 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